# VirtualBox ## Ubuntu下安装VirtualBox 参考文档： > ```bash wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add - echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/virtualbox/apt/ xenial contrib|sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list sudo apt-get install virtualbox virtualbox-ext-pack -y ``` {% hint style="info" %} 注意：这里需要安装`virtualbox-ext-pack`，否则无法虚拟机开启远程桌面，就无法安装系统 {% endhint %} ## 命令行安装Ubuntu系统 参考文档： > ### 下载Ubuntu安装盘ISO镜像 ```bash mkdir -p ~/VirtualBox\ VMs/ curl --progress-bar -o ~/VirtualBox\ VMs/ubuntu-16.04.4-server-amd64.iso https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/16.04/ubuntu-16.04.4-server-amd64.iso ``` ### 创建虚拟机 ```bash # 定义个变量，要创建的虚拟机名称 vm=node1 vboxmanage createvm -name ${vm} -register ``` {% code title="输出内容：" %} ```bash Virtual machine 'node1' is created and registered. UUID: 3d26d492-880a-43c2-ac47-6764abc5ef1d Settings file: '/home/xiaohui/VirtualBox VMs/node1/node1.vbox' ``` {% endcode %} ### 配置虚拟机硬件信息 ```bash # 查看支持的操作系统，这里我们将记录下Ubuntu_64是我们需要安装的操作系统类型 vboxmanage list ostypes ``` {% code title="输出内容：" %} ```bash ... ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu (32-bit) Family ID: Linux Family Desc: Linux 64 bit: false ID: Ubuntu_64 Description: Ubuntu (64-bit) Family ID: Linux Family Desc: Linux 64 bit: true ... ``` {% endcode %} ```bash # 查看主机上的IP地址，得到上网网卡的接口名称，这里是 enp8s0 ip addr ``` {% code title="输出内容：" %} ```bash 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: enp8s0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:57:00:f1:7d:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.1.16/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global enp8s0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 2002:b695:9fa8:0:a57:ff:fef1:7dc6/64 scope global mngtmpaddr dynamic valid_lft 14300sec preferred_lft 3500sec inet6 fe80::a57:ff:fef1:7dc6/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: docker0: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default link/ether 02:42:fe:ba:2f:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::42:feff:feba:2ff6/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 494: vboxnet0: mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 0a:00:27:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ``` {% endcode %} ```bash # 修改虚拟机的硬件配置 vboxmanage modifyvm ${vm} \ --memory 3072 \ --ostype Ubuntu_64 \ --acpi on \ --cpus 2 \ --boot1 dvd \ --nic1 bridged \ --bridgeadapter1 enp8s0 ``` {% code title="参数说明" %} ```bash --memory 3072 # 内存为3G --ostype Ubuntu_64 # 操作系统类型为Ubuntu 64 --acpi on # 开启ACPI电源控制 --cpus 2 # CPU核心数为双核 --boot1 dvd # 第一启动设备为DVD光驱 --nic1 bridged # 网路类型为桥接模式 --bridgeadapter1 enp8s0 # 网络接口为 enp8s0 ``` {% endcode %} ```bash # 创建一个硬盘, 磁盘大小为64G vboxmanage createhd --filename ~/VirtualBox\ VMs/${vm}/os.vdi --size 64000 # 添加一个SATA控制器 vboxmanage storagectl ${vm} --name "SATA Controller" --add sata --controller IntelAHCI # 把创建的硬盘挂载到虚拟机 vboxmanage storageattach ${vm} --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium ~/VirtualBox\ VMs/${vm}/os.vdi # 创建一个IDE控制器 vboxmanage storagectl ${vm} --name "IDE Controller" --add ide # 把下载的Ubuntu镜像挂载到虚拟机 vboxmanage storageattach ${vm} --storagectl "IDE Controller" --port 0 --device 0 --type dvddrive --medium ~/VirtualBox\ VMs/ubuntu-16.04.4-server-amd64.iso ``` ### 启动虚拟机 ```bash # 开启远程桌面管理 vboxmanage modifyvm ${vm} --vrdeport 3390 --vrde on # 启动 vboxmanage startvm ${vm} --type headless # 查看启动虚拟机列表 xiaohui@tanmer-dev:~$ vboxmanage list runningvms "node1" {3d26d492-880a-43c2-ac47-6764abc5ef1d} # 查看虚拟机信息 xiaohui@tanmer-dev:~$ vboxmanage showvminfo $vm Name: node1 Groups: / Guest OS: Ubuntu (64-bit) UUID: 3d26d492-880a-43c2-ac47-6764abc5ef1d Config file: /home/xiaohui/VirtualBox VMs/node1/node1.vbox Snapshot folder: /home/xiaohui/VirtualBox VMs/node1/Snapshots Log folder: /home/xiaohui/VirtualBox VMs/node1/Logs Hardware UUID: 3d26d492-880a-43c2-ac47-6764abc5ef1d Memory size: 3072MB Page Fusion: off VRAM size: 8MB CPU exec cap: 100% HPET: off Chipset: piix3 Firmware: BIOS Number of CPUs: 2 PAE: on Long Mode: on Triple Fault Reset: off APIC: on X2APIC: off CPUID Portability Level: 0 CPUID overrides: None Boot menu mode: message and menu Boot Device (1): DVD Boot Device (2): DVD Boot Device (3): HardDisk Boot Device (4): Not Assigned ACPI: on IOAPIC: off BIOS APIC mode: APIC Time offset: 0ms RTC: local time Hardw. virt.ext: on Nested Paging: on Large Pages: off VT-x VPID: on VT-x unr. exec.: on Paravirt. Provider: Default Effective Paravirt. Provider: KVM State: running (since 2018-04-18T16:11:32.153000000) Monitor count: 1 3D Acceleration: off 2D Video Acceleration: off Teleporter Enabled: off Teleporter Port: 0 Teleporter Address: Teleporter Password: Tracing Enabled: off Allow Tracing to Access VM: off Tracing Configuration: Autostart Enabled: off Autostart Delay: 0 Default Frontend: Storage Controller Name (0): SATA Controller Storage Controller Type (0): IntelAhci Storage Controller Instance Number (0): 0 Storage Controller Max Port Count (0): 30 Storage Controller Port Count (0): 30 Storage Controller Bootable (0): on Storage Controller Name (1): IDE Controller Storage Controller Type (1): PIIX4 Storage Controller Instance Number (1): 0 Storage Controller Max Port Count (1): 2 Storage Controller Port Count (1): 2 Storage Controller Bootable (1): on SATA Controller (0, 0): /home/xiaohui/VirtualBox VMs/node1/os.vdi (UUID: 76208d22-3257-4496-898a-2bd17e930b43) IDE Controller (0, 0): /home/xiaohui/VirtualBox VMs/ubuntu-16.04.4-server-amd64.iso (UUID: d724e290-e032-42d6-91eb-03b8e4a18004) NIC 1: MAC: 0800276585BE, Attachment: Bridged Interface 'enp8s0', Cable connected: on, Trace: off (file: none), Type: Am79C973, Reported speed: 0 Mbps, Boot priority: 0, Promisc Policy: deny, Bandwidth group: none NIC 2: disabled NIC 3: disabled NIC 4: disabled NIC 5: disabled NIC 6: disabled NIC 7: disabled NIC 8: disabled Pointing Device: PS/2 Mouse Keyboard Device: PS/2 Keyboard UART 1: disabled UART 2: disabled UART 3: disabled UART 4: disabled LPT 1: disabled LPT 2: disabled Audio: enabled (Driver: ALSA, Controller: AC97, Codec: STAC9700) Audio playback: disabled Audio capture: disabled Clipboard Mode: disabled Drag and drop Mode: disabled Session name: headless Video mode: 640x480x16 at 0,0 enabled VRDE: enabled (Address 0.0.0.0, Ports 3390, MultiConn: off, ReuseSingleConn: off, Authentication type: null) Video redirection: disabled USB: disabled EHCI: disabled XHCI: disabled USB Device Filters: Available remote USB devices: Currently Attached USB Devices: Bandwidth groups: Shared folders: VRDE Connection: not active Clients so far: 0 Capturing: not active Capture audio: not active Capture screens: 0 Capture file: /home/xiaohui/VirtualBox VMs/node1/node1.webm Capture dimensions: 1024x768 Capture rate: 512 kbps Capture FPS: 25 Capture options: Guest: Configured memory balloon size: 0 MB OS type: Ubuntu_64 Additions run level: 0 Guest Facilities: No active facilities. ``` ### 连接虚拟机远程桌面 映射主机的3390端口到本地电脑，然后用 RDP 远程桌面连接工具连接虚拟机远程桌面，Mac 系统推荐使用 [Remotix](http://www.ifunmac.com/2017/10/remotix-5/) ![](/files/-LAOfHrQLIhTj_jKr6-R) ![](/files/-LAOfMfbG9NeJKYe99sr) 如何装Ubuntu，这里略过... ### 卸载Ubuntu安装ISO镜像 ```bash vboxmanage storageattach $vm --storagectl "IDE Controller" --port 0 --device 0 --type dvddrive --medium none ``` ### 关闭远程桌面 ```bash # 运行状态，关闭远程桌面 vboxmanage controlvm $vm vrde off # 运行状态，开启远程桌面 vboxmanage controlvm $vm vrde on # 修改配置，关闭远程桌面（需要关闭虚拟机） vboxmanage modifyvm ${vm} --vrde off # 修改配置，开启远程桌面（需要关闭虚拟机） vboxmanage modifyvm ${vm} --vrde on ``` ### 备份虚拟机系统(建立快照) ```bash vboxmanage snapshot $vm take backup-20180418-001 ``` ### 还原虚拟机系统(恢复快照) ```bash vboxmanage snapshot $vm restore backup-20180418-001 ``` ### 查看快照列表 ```bash xiaohui@tanmer-dev:~$ vboxmanage snapshot node1 list Name: init-ubuntu-20180418 (UUID: 1960cff6-e827-4a8f-a0df-8bba2b580f23) * ``` ### 关闭虚拟机 ```bash vboxmanage controlvm $vm poweroff ``` ### 注销虚拟机 ```bash # 注销，不删除数据 vboxmanage unregister $vm # 注销，并删除数据 vboxmanage unregister $vm --delete ``` ### 克隆创建的Ubuntu系统 当我们需要创建多个虚拟机Ubuntu系统时，我们没有必要每次都重复上面的安装步骤。我们可以用VirtualBox的克隆功能，快速复制个Ubuntu系统 通过快照克隆系统 ```bash # 通过node1的init-ubuntu-20180814快照克隆系统 vboxmanage clonevm node1 --snapshot init-ubuntu-20180418 --name node2 --register # 启动node2 vboxmanage startvm node2 --type headless ``` 从`node1`克隆为`node2`之后，她的hostname没有改变，这里需要修改： ```bash sudo sed -i 's/node1/node2/' /etc/hosts sudo sed -i 's/node1/node2/' /etc/hostname sudo hostname node2 ``` IP地址的设置也需要修改 ```bash sudo vi /etc/networking/interfaces ``` 启动克隆后的虚拟机，如果是Bridged网路可能会无法上网。可以通过一下方式解决： ```bash vboxmanage controlvm node2 poweroff vboxmanage modifyvm node2 --nic1 none vboxmanage modifyvm node2 --nic1 bridged vboxmanage startvm node2 --type headless ``` --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. 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